What Is Cache Memory?

 We saw that the use of main memory helps in minimizing the disk-processor speed mismatch to a large extent because the rate of data fetching by the CPU from the memory is about 100 times faster than that from a high-speed secondary storage like disk. However, even with the use of main memory, the memory-processor speed mismatch becomes a bottleneck in the speed with which the CPU can process instructions because there is 1 to 10 speed mismatch between the processor and the memory. That is, the rate at which data can be fetched from memory is about 10 times slower than the rate at which CPU can process data. Hence, in many situations, the performance of processors gets limited due to the slow speed of memory. Obviously, the overall performance of a processor can be greatly improved by minimizing the memory-processor speed mismatch.




A primary storage or memory of a computer system is made up of several small storage areas, called locations or cells. Each of these locations can store afixed number of bits, called word length of that particular memory.


Cache memory is commonly used for minimizing the memory processor speed mismatch. Cache memory is an extremely fast, small memory between CPU and main memory whose access time is closer to the processing speed of the CPU. It acts as a high speed buffer between CPU and main memory and is used to temporarily store very active data and instructions during processing. Since the cache memory is faster than main memory, the processing speed is increased by making data and instructions needed in current processing available in the cache.


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